What condition is characterized by abnormally low blood glucose levels?

The condition characterized by abnormally low blood glucose levels is hypoglycemia. This term directly refers to a state where the blood sugar level drops below the normal range, leading to various symptoms such as dizziness, confusion, sweating, and even fainting in severe cases. Hypoglycemia can occur for several reasons, including excessive insulin administration in individuals with diabetes, prolonged fasting, or intense physical activity without adequate food intake.

In contrast, hyperglycemia refers to elevated blood glucose levels, commonly associated with diabetes, where the body either cannot produce enough insulin or cannot use it effectively. Insulin resistance is a condition where the body's cells become less responsive to insulin, often leading to elevated blood glucose levels rather than a decrease. Understanding these terms and their definitions is crucial for recognizing various metabolic states and managing blood sugar levels effectively.